Extraversion/ Surgency | Agreeableness | Conscientiousness | Emotional Stability | Intellect/ Openness | ||
Eysenck | Extraversion | Psychoticism (r) | Neuroticism (r) | |||
Adler | Superiority Striving | Social Interest | Superiority Striving | |||
Bakan | Agency | Communion | Agency | |||
Bales | Dominant Iniative | Social-Emotional Orientation | Task Orientation | |||
Bartholomew | Model of Other (Avoidance) (r) | Model of Self (Anxiety) (r) | ||||
Block | Low Ego Control | High Ego Control | Ego Resiliency | |||
Buss and Plomin | Activity | Impulsivity | Emotionality (r) | |||
Cattell | Exvia (vs. Invia) | Pathemia (vs. Cortertia) | Superego Strength | Adjustment vs. Anxiety | Independence vs. Subduedness | |
Comrey | Extraversion and Activity | Femininity | Orderliness and Social Conformity | Emotional Stability | Rebelliousness | |
Costa and McCrae | Extraversion | Agreeableness | Conscientiousness | Neuroticism (r) | Openness | |
Digman | Beta | Alpha | Beta | |||
Erikson | Basic Trust | |||||
Fiske | Confident Self-Expression | Social Adaptability | Conformity | Emotional Control | Inquiring Intellect | |
Freud | Psychosexual Development | |||||
Goldberg | Surgency | Agreeableness | Conscientiousness | Emotional Stability | Intellect | |
Gough | Extraversion | Consensuality | Control | Flexibility | ||
Guilford | Social Activity | Paranoid Disposition (r) | Thinking Introversion | Emotional Stability | ||
Hogan | Ambition and Sociability | Likeability | Prudence | Adjustment | Intellectance | |
Horney | Moving Toward | |||||
Jackson | Outgoing, Social Leadership | Self-Protective Orientation (r) | Work Orientation | Dependence (r) | Aesthetic / Intellectual | |
Leary | Control / Dominance | Affiliation / Love | ||||
Maslow | Self-Actualization | Self-Actualization | ||||
McAdams | Power Motivation | Intimacy Motivation | Power Motivation | |||
Myers- Briggs | Extraversion vs. Introversion | Feeling vs. Thinking | Judging vs. Perception | Intuition vs. Sensing | ||
Peabody | Power | Love | Work | Affect | Intellect | |
Rank | Individuation | Union | Individuation | |||
Rogers | Personal Growth | Personal Growth | ||||
Skinner | Socialization | |||||
Tellegen | Positive Emotionality | Constraint | Negative Emotionality | Absorption | ||
Watson | Socialization | |||||
Wiggins | Agency | Communion | Agency | |||
Zuckerman | Extraversion | Psychoticism, Impulsivity, Sensation Seeking (r) | Neuroticism (r) | Psychoticism, Impulsivity, Sensation Seeking | ||
Extraversion/ Surgency | Agreeableness | Conscientiousness | Emotional Stability | Intellect/ Openness | ||
Note: (r) means "reversed scored." (This table is adapted from Digman [1997], Griffin & Bartholomew [1994], John [1990], and McCrae & Costa [1996].)
Costa, P. T., Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (1992b). Reply to Eysenck. Personality and Individual Differences, 13, 861-865.
Digman, J. M. (1997). Higher-order factors of the Big Five. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 1246-1256.
Eysenck, H. J. (1991). Dimensions of personality: 16, 5, or 3?--Criteria for a taxonomic paradigm. Personality and Individual Differences, 12, 773-790.
Eysenck, H. J. (1992a). Four ways five factors are not basic. Personality and Individual Differences, 13, 667-673.
Eysenck, H. J. (1992b). A reply to Costa and McCrae: P or A and C--the role of theory. Personality and Individual Differences, 13, 867-868.
Griffin, D. W., & Bartholomew, K. (1994). The metaphysics of measurement: The case of adult attachment. In K. Bartholomew & D. Perlman (Eds.), Advances in personal relationships (Vol. 5, pp. 17-52). London: Jessica Kingsley.
John, O. P. (1990). The "Big Five" factor taxonomy: Dimensions of personality in the natural language and in questionnaires. In L. A. Pervin (Ed.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (pp. 66-100). New York: Guilford.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T., Jr. (1996). Toward a new generation of personality theories: Theoretical contexts for the five-factor model. In J. S. Wiggins (Ed.), The five-factor model of personality: Theoretical perspectives (pp. 51-87). New York: Guilford.
Last modified January 2001
Visited times since July 2001
Comments?
Home to Five-Factor Model
Home to Great Ideas in Personality